Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is a city with a rich and varied history that spans more than two millennia. Originally established by the Thracians around the 7th century BC, the city has been a strategic point due to its location at the crossroads of important trade routes.During the Roman period, Sofia, then known as Serdica, became a prosperous, walled city in the 1st century AD. The Roman Emperor Constantine the Great described it as "my Rome," and it is said that he considered making it the capital of the Roman Empire.In the Middle Ages, the city fell under the rule of the Byzantine Empire and later under that of the First Bulgarian Empire. In the 14th century, it fell into the hands of the Ottoman Empire, which ruled the city for nearly five centuries. During this time, the city experienced significant cultural blending, influenced by both Ottoman and Bulgarian traditions.Sofia was liberated from Ottoman rule in 1878 during the Russo-Turkish War. Shortly thereafter, in 1879, due to its central location and rich history, it was designated the capital of newly independent Bulgaria.During the 20th century, Sofia underwent rapid industrialization and growth, especially during the communist period, which left a significant mark on the city's architecture and infrastructure. After the fall of communism in 1989, Sofia transitioned towards a market economy, and significant development has occurred in terms of infrastructure and services.Today, Sofia is a cosmopolitan city that blends its historical heritage with a growing modern life. The city is home to numerous museums, theaters, and universities, and it is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country.
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