Amman, the capital of Jordan, has a rich and varied history that dates back thousands of years. Originally known as Rabbath-Ammon, it was the capital of the Ammonites during the Iron Age. Later, in the 3rd century BC, the Ptolemies renamed it as Philadelphia, in honor of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.During the Hellenistic period, Philadelphia became an important city in the Decapolis region, a league of ten cities founded during Roman rule for fortification and trade expansion. Under Roman rule, the city flourished, and many of its most prominent monuments were built.In the 7th century, with the expansion of Islam, the city was renamed Amman and became part of the Umayyad Islamic caliphate. Throughout the centuries, Amman experienced various periods of conquest and governance, including the Umayyad, Abbasid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk empires.In the 19th century, Amman was nearly abandoned until the Hashemite family came to power in the early 20th century, and the city began growing rapidly. In 1921, Emir Abdullah I named it the capital of the Emirate of Transjordan, a British protectorate that later became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946.Today, Amman is a modern metropolis that has preserved its rich historical heritage while moving towards modernity. It is an economic and cultural center in the Middle East, attracting tourists with its ancient archaeological sites, such as the Amman Citadel, the Roman Amphitheatre, and many other historical monuments.
Answer obtained by artificial intelligence.
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