Ephesus (Efes in Turkish) is an ancient city located in the region of Smyrna, in present-day Turkey. It was founded in the 10th century BC by Greek colonists and became one of the most important and prosperous cities of classical antiquity.Ephesus is famous for being home to one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis, built around 550 BC. This majestic temple attracted pilgrims from all over the ancient world, significantly contributing to the city's economic and cultural development.In 129 BC, Ephesus became part of the Roman Empire, and under its rule, the city continued to flourish. Ephesus reached its peak during the early centuries of the Roman Empire, being an important commercial and cultural center. The city housed the Library of Celsus, one of the largest and most complete libraries of its time, and the Theater of Ephesus, which could accommodate up to 25,000 spectators.Christianity also left a profound mark on Ephesus. It is said that the apostle St. Paul lived and preached in the city for several years in the 1st century AD. Additionally, according to Christian tradition, Ephesus was the place where the Virgin Mary spent her final years.Over time, Ephesus's importance began to decline due to natural issues such as port sedimentation, causing the city to move further inland and lose direct access to the sea. By the 15th century, the city was finally abandoned.Today, Ephesus is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world and a popular tourist destination. The well-preserved ruins, including those of the Temple of Artemis, the Library of Celsus, and the Theater of Ephesus, offer a fascinating glimpse into the grandeur and history of this ancient city.
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